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This volume examines the intersections between material and metaphorical mirrors in medieval and early modern culture. Mirrors have always fascinated humankind. They collapse ordinary distinctions, making visible what is normally invisible, and promising access to hidden realities. Yet, these liminal objects also point to the limitations of human perception, knowledge, and wisdom. In this interdisciplinary volume, specialists in medieval and early modern science, cultural and political history, as well as art history, philosophy, and literature come together to explore the intersections between material and metaphysical mirrors in Europe and the Islamic world. During the time periods studied here, various technologies were transforming the looking glass as an optical device, scientific instrument, and aesthetic object, making it clearer and more readily available, though it remained a rare and precious commodity. While technical innovations spawned new discoveries and ways of seeing, belief systems were slower to change, as expressed in the natural sciences, mystical writings, literature, and visual culture. Mirror metaphors based on analogies established in the ancient world still retained significant power and authority, perhaps especially when related to Aristotelian science, the medieval speculum tradition, religious iconography, secular imagery, Renaissance Neoplatonism, or spectacular Baroque engineering, artistry, and self-fashioning. Mirror effects created through myths, metaphors, rhetorical strategies, or other devices could invite self-contemplation and evoke abstract or paradoxical concepts. Whether faithful or deforming, specular reflections often turn out to be ambivalent and contradictory: sometimes sources of illusion, sometimes reflections of divine truth, mirrors compel us to question the very nature of representation.

History of civilization --- specular reflection --- mirrors --- Symbolism --- Mirrors --- Mirrors in literature --- History --- Aberration, Chromatic and spherical --- Looking-glasses --- Furniture --- Optical instruments --- Representation, Symbolic --- Symbolic representation --- Mythology --- Emblems --- Signs and symbols --- 930.85.42 --- 930.85.44 --- 930.85.44 Cultuurgeschiedenis: Renaissance --- Cultuurgeschiedenis: Renaissance --- 930.85.42 Cultuurgeschiedenis: Middeleeuwen --- Cultuurgeschiedenis: Middeleeuwen --- cultuurgeschiedenis

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In The Imagined and Real Jerusalem in Art and Architecture specialists in various fields of art history, from Early Christian times to the present, articulate a variety of cultural, religious and political implications of the visualization of Jerusalem. This collection of essays calls attention to two axes emerging from the study of Jerusalem in art: on the one hand, the volatile contemporary situation, and on the other hand, the abiding chain of meanings that history imparts to the city. From a contemporary perspective and within a broad historical context, the book discusses in depth a series of Western artworks, artefacts, and buildings providing new insights into memory processes and mechanisms of representation of Jerusalem.

Architecture --- Iconography --- Jerusalem --- 76.047 <569.4 JERUSALEM> --- 726 <33> --- 933 JERUSALEM --- 933 JERUSALEM Geschiedenis van Palestina en het Joodse volk--JERUSALEM --- Geschiedenis van Palestina en het Joodse volk--JERUSALEM --- 726 <33> Religieuze bouwkunst. Kerkelijke bouwkunst. Sacrale architectuur--Oud-Palestina. Judea --- Religieuze bouwkunst. Kerkelijke bouwkunst. Sacrale architectuur--Oud-Palestina. Judea --- 76.047 <569.4 JERUSALEM> Iconografie: landschappen stadsgezichten zeegezichten in de prentkunst--Israël--JERUSALEM --- Iconografie: landschappen stadsgezichten zeegezichten in de prentkunst--Israël--JERUSALEM --- Symbolic representation. --- Symbolism in architecture --- Symbolisme en architecture --- Jérusalem dans l'art --- Jérusalem --- In art --- Symbolic representation --- Représentation symbolique --- Jerusalem -- In art. --- Jerusalem -- Symbolic representation. --- Symbolism in architecture. --- Architectural symbolism --- Signs and symbols in architecture --- Ierusalim --- Yerushalayim --- Jeruzalem --- Quds --- Ūrushalīm --- Kuds --- Kouds --- Erusaghēm --- Bayt al-Maqdis --- Jeruzsálem --- Jerusalem (Israel) --- Jerusalem (Palestine) --- ʻIriyat Yerushalayim --- Ierousalēm --- Gerusalemme --- Baladīyat al-Quds --- Baladīyat al-Quds al-ʻArabīyah --- Jerusalem Arab Municipality --- Qods (Jerusalem) --- ירושלים --- القدس --- al-Quds --- قدس --- 76.047 <569.4 JERUSALEM> Iconografie: landschappen; stadsgezichten; zeegezichten in de prentkunst--Israël--JERUSALEM --- Iconografie: landschappen; stadsgezichten; zeegezichten in de prentkunst--Israël--JERUSALEM --- In art. --- Иерусалим --- Jerusalén --- Humanities --- humanities --- Church of the Holy Sepulchre --- Jesus --- Rome